Calcicole and califuge plants

One of the best established phenomena in alpine ecology is that many species are typically found on calcareous or dolomitic rock, while others are tied to Ca-poor, siliceous rock. A few don't care and occur on both substrate types. We call species found on Ca++ rich substrate "calcicole", those on Ca++ poor, siliceous substrate "calcifuge".

siliceous rock (acidic)

Rhododendron ferrugineum
1 - Rhododendron ferrugineum (Ericaceae), restricted to acidic soil
1 - Rhododendron ferrugineum
Gentiana acaulis
2 - Gentiana acaulis
Ranunculus glacialis
5 - Ranunculus glacialis (Ranunculaceae), restricted to acidic soil
5 - Ranunculus glacialis
Pulsatilla alpina ssp. apiifolia
6 - Pulsatilla alpina ssp. apiifolia (= Anemone sulphurea, Ranunculaceae) restricted to acidic soil
6 - Pulsatilla alpina ssp. apiifolia (= Anemone sulphurea)

 

Rhododendron
7 - Rhododendron ferrugineum, R. x intermedium and R. hirsutum

Note the brown lower leaf side of R. ferrugineum and the leaf trichomes plus the green lower leaf side in R. hirsutum.

7 - R. ferrugineum, R. x intermedium and R. hirsutum

calcareous rock

Rhododendron hirsutum
8 - Rhododendron hirsutum (Ericaceae), restricted to calcareous soil
8 - Rhododendron hirsutum
Gentiana clusii
9 - Gentiana clusii
Ranunculus alpestris
12 - Ranunculus alpestris (Ranunculaceae), restricted to calcareous soil
12 - Ranunculus alpestris
Pulsatilla alpina ssp. alpina
13 - Pulsatilla alpina ssp. alpina (= Anemone alpina, Ranunculaceae) restricted to calcareous soil
13 - Pulsatilla alpina ssp. alpina (= Anemone alpina)