Langtang (Nepal)

In Nepal, the birch/juniper treeline is reached at c. 4000 m. The range of tall conifers such as Abies spectabilis ends c. 200 m below the treeline. The shrub layer within the ecotone is dominated by Rhododendron sp.

1 - The upper Langtang valley. A view from 3100 m with the mountains in the background reaching c. 6000 m.

1 - The upper Langtang valley. A view from 3100 m with the mountains in the background reaching c. 6000 m.

2 - Betula utilis and Abies spectabilis in late winter, 3700 m

2 - Betula utilis and Abies spectabilis in late winter, 3700 m

3 - Abies spectabilis, 3620 m

3 - Abies spectabilis, 3620 m

4 - Juniperus, 3600 m

4 - Juniperus, 3600 m